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1.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 29(1): 34-50, Ene-Feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209623

RESUMO

Introducción: El síndrome de dolor regional complejo abarca una sintomatología que puede ser autolimitada o terriblemente limitante. Pese al enorme interés que despierta en la comunidad científica, no tenemos claro qué determina su evolución. Actualmente, parece claro que hay que ajustar el tratamiento en base a los mecanismos fisiopatológicos predominantes en cada paciente en función de su estadio evolutivo. Fisiopatología: Se produce a causa de una compleja combinación de diferentes factores que se inician en el momento del traumatismo y que consisten en sensibilización del sistema nervioso, disfunción del sistema autónomo y cambios inflamatorios. Hay, además, un indudable componente inmunológico, con presencia de autoinmunización, una implicación genética y la constatación de que determinados estados psicológicos parecen influir en la progresión de la enfermedad. Prevención: Se recomienda la administración de la vitamina C tras traumatismos o cirugías sobre miembros, sobre todo cuando existen factores de riesgo (fracturas distales de radio). Asimismo, hay que incentivar la movilización precoz y tratar los altos niveles de ansiedad para prevenir su desarrollo. Tratamiento: El tratamiento debe ser precoz, multimodal y coordinado, con el objetivo fundamental no solo de aliviar el dolor, sino de recuperar funcionalmente el miembro afecto. La pieza angular del tratamiento es la rehabilitación. Se debe acompañar de farmacoterapia y de tratamiento psicológico. Dentro de la farmacoterapia, tienen especial relevancia los corticoides (en las fases más agudas), los bifosfonatos y los "free-radical scavengers". En fases avanzadas de la enfermedad, la ketamina intravenosa se plantea como una opción terapéutica.(AU)


Introduction: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome encompasses a symptomatology that can be self-limiting or terribly limiting. Despite the enormous interest it arouses in the scientific community, it is not clear what determines its evolution. Currently, it seems clear that treatment must be adjusted based on the predominant pathophysiological mechanisms in each patient according to its evolutionary stage. Physiopathology: It is caused by a complex combination of different factors that start at the time of the trauma and consist of sensitization of the nervous system, dysfunction of the autonomic system and inflammatory changes. There is also an undoubted immunological component, with the presence of autoimmunization, genetic involvement and the finding that certain psychological states seem to influence the progression of the disease. Prevention: The administration of vitamin C is recommended after trauma or surgery on limbs, especially when there are risk factors (distal radius fractures). Also, early mobilization should be encouraged and high levels of anxiety should be treated to prevent its development. Treatment: Treatment should be early, multimodal and coordinated, with the fundamental objective not only of relieving pain, but also of functionally recovering the affected limb. The cornerstone of treatment is rehabilitation. It should be accompanied by pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment. Within the pharmacotherapy, corticoids (in the most acute phases), bisphosphonates and free-radical scavengers are of special relevance. In advanced stages of the disease, intravenous ketamine is considered as a therapeutic option. Interventional treatments should be considered when the evolution of the syndrome is not optimal, especially sympathetic blocks, in case of predominant sympathetic dysfunction, or neuromodulation, which is the treatment modality with the most scientific evidence.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Dor Crônica/diagnóstico , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Distrofia Simpática Reflexa , Dor Pós-Operatória , Ácido Ascórbico , Tratamento Farmacológico , Manejo da Dor , Reabilitação , Dor , Espanha , Traumatismos do Sistema Nervoso , Psicologia
3.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 45(2): 72-4, 1998 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9580529

RESUMO

We review the use of urapidil to manage hypertension in two patients undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and aldosterone producing adenoma. Bolus administration (25 mg/i.v.) of urapidil provided good control of blood pressure during surgical manipulation of the tumor, although continuous perfusion of the drug was required by one patient before complete excision was achieved. No changes in heart rate or sudden decrease in blood pressure were observed. We believe that urapidil may be useful for treating hypertension during tumor adrenalectomy.


Assuntos
Adrenalectomia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Adenoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feocromocitoma/cirurgia
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